1708 - First Jacobite Rebellion
1713 - 31 March, Treaty of Utrecht - James was forced to leave France
1714 - Queen Anne died Kensington Palace
1719 - 3 September, James marries Maria Casimire Clementina Sobieska
1719 - Battle of Glenshiel or "little rising"
1715 - Second Jacobite rebellion
1720 - 31 December, Prince Charles is born, Rome
1725 - 6 March, Henry Benedict is born
1735 - 30 December, Maria Casimire Clementina Sobieska died

James Francis Edward Stewart was the only surviving son of James VII and his wife Mary of Modena. James lineage was discredited by many wig inventions such as his title "The Old Pretender", in an attempt to squelch Jacobite sentiment. On several occasions he returned to Scotland to proclaim himself king, but each attempt was foiled (once he didn't so much as land on shore) and he eventually gave up. On once such attempt the Jacobite standard was raised by John 6th Earl of Mar, but it was a disastrous failure "It required real talent for Mar to lose the game, but he proved equal to the challenge" (B. Lenman).

James remained a Catholic his entire life living much of it in Rome. His marriage to the granddaughter of the Polish king was unhappy, but it brought about the birth of his two sons. Prince Charles Edward Stewart returned later on in life to raise the Jacobite banner one final time. Prince Henry Benedict became a cardinal who assumed the title of Henry IX. James was disliked in Rome for his conflicts with his wife and children. When he died he was buried in St Peter's church in Rome where George III would raise a monument by Canova.